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  Contact Precautions Excerpt from the Guideline for Isolation Precautions: Preventing Transmission of Infectious PDF (1.33MB / 219 pages) On this page: Recommendations Background III.B. Transmission Based Precautions There are three categories of Precautions, and Airborne Precautions. Transmission Based Precautions are used when the route (s) of transmission is (are) not completely interrupted using Standard Precautions alone. For some diseases that have multiple routes of transmission (e.g., SARS), more than one Transmission Based Precautions category may be used. When used either singly or in combination, they are always used in addition to Standard Precautions. See Appendix A of the HICPAC/CDC Isolation Guideline for recommended precautions for specific infections. When Based Precautions are indicated, efforts must be made to counteract possible adverse effects on other mood disturbances, perceptions of stigma, reduced contact with clinical staff, and increases in preventable adverse events) in order to improve acceptance by the patients and adherence by healthcare personnel (HCPs). III.B.1. Contact Precautions Contact Precautions are intended to prevent transmission of infectious agents, including epidemiologically important microorganisms, which are spread by direct or indirect contact with the patient or the patient's environment as described in I.B.3.a. The application of Contact Precautions for patients infected or colonized with MDROs is described in the HICPAC/CDC MDRO guideline (PDF 234KB/74 . Contact Precautions also apply where the presence of excessive wound drainage, fecal incontinence, or other discharges from the body suggest an increased potential for extensive environmental contamination and risk of transmission. A single patient room is preferred for patients who require Contact Precautions. When a single patient room is not available, consultation with infection control personnel is recommended to assess the various risks associated with other patient placement options (e.g., cohorting, keeping the patient with an existing roommate). In multi beds is advised to reduce the opportunities for inadvertent patient and other patients. Healthcare personnel caring for patients on Contact Precautions should wear a gown and gloves for all interactions that may involve contact with the patient or potentially contaminated areas in the patient's environment. Donning PPE before room entry and discarding before exiting the patient room is done to contain pathogens, especially those that have been implicated in transmission through environmental contamination (e.g., VRE, C. difficile noroviruses and other intestinal tract pathogens; RSV). Recommendations Page of Contact Precautions excerpt from the Guideline for Isolation Precautions in Hospitals | CDC Infection C ... 4/16/2008 http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dhqp/gl_isolation_contact.html V. Transmission Based Precautions V.A. General principles V.A.1. In addition to Standard Precautions, use Transmission Based Precautions for patients with documented or suspected infection or colonization with highly transmissible or epidemiologically important pathogens for which additional precautions are needed to prevent transmission (See Appendix A of the HICPAC/CDC Isolation Guideline ). V.B. Contact Precautions V.B.1. Use Contact Precautions as recommended in Appendix A of the HICPAC/CDC Isolation Guideline for patients with known or suspected infections or evidence of syndromes that represent an increased risk for contact transmission. For specific recommendations for use of Contact Precautions for colonization or infection with MDROs, go to the (PDF 234KB/74 pages) V.B.2. Patient placement V.B.2.a . In acute care hospitals , place patients who require Contact Precautions in a patient room when available When single patient rooms are in short supply, apply the following principles for making decisions on patient placement: Prioritize patients with conditions that may facilitate transmission (e.g., uncontained drainage, stool incontinence) for single patient room placement. or colonized with the same pathogen and are suitable roommates. If it becomes necessary to place a patient who requires Contact Precautions in a room with a patient who is not infected or colonized with the same infectious Avoid placing patients on Contact Precautions in the same room with patients who have conditions that may increase the risk of adverse outcome from infection or that may facilitate transmission (e.g., those who are immunocompromised, have open wounds, or have anticipated prolonged lengths of stay). apart) from each minimize opportunities for direct contact.) Change protective attire and perform hand hygiene between contact with patients are on Contact Precautions. V.B.2.b. In long term care and other residential settings , make decisions regarding patient placement on a case case basis, balancing infection risks to other patients in the room, the presence of risk factors that increase the likelihood of transmission, and the potential adverse psychological impact on the infected or colonized patient. V.B.2.c. In , place patients who require Contact Precautions in an examination room or cubicle as soon as possible. V.B.3. Use of personal protective equipment V.B.3.a. Gloves Wear gloves whenever touching the patient's intact skin or surfaces and articles in close proximity to the patient (e.g., medical equipment, bed rails). Don gloves upon entry into the room or cubicle. V.B.3.b. Gowns V.B.3.b.i. Don gown upon entry into the room or cubicle. Remove gown and observe hand hygiene before leaving the patient care environment. V.B.3.b.ii. After gown removal, ensure that clothing and skin do not contact potentially contaminated environmental surfaces that could result in possible transfer of microorganism to other patients or environmental surfaces. V.B.4. Patient transport V.B.4.a. In acute care hospitals and long term , limit transport and movement of patients outside of the room to medically purposes. Page of Contact Precautions excerpt from the Guideline for Isolation Precautions in Hospitals | CDC Infection C ... 4/16/2008 http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dhqp/gl_isolation_contact.html V.B.4.b. When transport or movement in any healthcare setting is necessary, ensure that infected or colonized areas of the patient's body are contained and covered. V.B.4.c. Remove and dispose of contaminated PPE and perform hand hygiene prior to transporting patients on Contact Precautions. V.B.4.d. Don clean PPE to handle the patient at the transport destination. Category II V.B.5. Patient care equipment and instruments/devices V.B.5.a. Handle patient care equipment and instruments/devices according to Standard Precautions. V.B.5.b . In acute care hospitals and long term , use disposable noncritical patient care equipment (e.g., blood pressure cuffs) or implement dedicated use of such equipment. If common use of equipment for multiple patients is unavoidable, clean and disinfect such equipment before use on another V.B.5.c. In V.B.5.c.i. Limit the amount of non disposable patient care equipment brought into the home of patients on Contact Precautions. Whenever possible, leave patient care equipment in the home until discharge from home care services. V.B.5.c.ii. If noncritical patient care equipment in the home, clean and disinfect items before taking them from the home using a low to intermediate level disinfectant. Alternatively, place contaminated reusable items in a plastic bag for transport and subsequent cleaning and disinfection. V.B.5.d. In , place contaminated reusable noncritical patient equipment in a plastic bag for transport to a soiled utility area for reprocessing. V.B.6. Environmental measures Ensure that rooms of patients on Contact Precautions are prioritized for frequent cleaning and disinfection (e.g., at least daily) with a focus on frequently touched surfaces (e.g., bed rails, overbed table, bedside commode, lavatory surfaces in patient bathrooms, doorknobs) and equipment in the immediate vicinity of the patient. V.B.7. Discontinue Contact Precautions after signs and symptoms of the infection have resolved or according to pathogen recommendations in Appendix A of the HICPAC/CDC Isolation Guideline Please note: Some of these publications are available for download only as *.pdf files. These files require Adobe Acrobat Reader in order to be viewed. Please review the information on downloading and using Acrobat Reader software. Date last modified: October 12, 2007 Content source:   Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion (DHQP) National Center for Preparedness, Page of Contact Precautions excerpt from the Guideline for Isolation Precautions in Hospitals | CDC Infection C ... 4/16/2008 http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dhqp/gl_isolation_contact.html