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ATHFINDER NTERNATIONAL Monitoring and Evaluation Ð 1 PREPARING A CASE STUDY: A Guide for Designing and Conducting a Case Study for Evaluation Input Palena Neale, PhD, Senior Evaluation Associate Shyam Thapa, PhD, Senior Monitoring and Evaluation Advisor Carolyn Boyce, MA, Evaluation Associate May 2006 ATHFINDER NTERNATIONAL Monitoring and Evaluation Ð 1 PREPARING A CASE STUDY: A Guide for Designing and Conducting a Case Study for Evaluation Input Palena Neale, PhD, Senior Evaluation Associate Shyam Thapa, PhD, Senior Monitoring and Evaluation Advisor Carolyn Boyce, MA, Evaluation Associate May 2006 Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank the following Pathfinder employees and partners for their technical inputs into this document: Emmanuel Boadi (Pathfinder/Ghana), Anne Palmer (Futures Group International), Ugo Daniels (African Youth Alliance (AYA)), Veronique Dupont (Pathfinder/Extending Service Delivery (ESD)), Cathy Solter, Lauren Dunnington, What is a Case Study? Case Study ExamplesUniqueness/Point of Interest Shifting Attitudes of Youth-Serving Your program was able to change service providersÕ attitudes towards Service Providersdealing with Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health (ASRH) needs in people accessing SRH services. Integrating Youth-Friendly Services (YFS) Your program was effective in introducing YFS to the MOH and in provide YFS. Integrating HIV Prevention in Faith-Based Your program was able to integrate HIV prevention in several Organization (FBO) Health Services Delivery FBO service delivery points in an environment that normally does not include or welcome HIV prevention activities. Developing Youth Leadership in TanzaniaYour program built the leadership capacity of youth to advocate, promote, and participate in decision making around ASRH. This transpired in a Yin, Robert K. (2003). When is a Case Study Appropriate? Case studies are appropriate when there is a unique or interesting story to be told. Case studies are often used to provide context to other data (such as outcome data), offering a Validity refers to the degree to which a study accurately reflects or assesses the specific concept that the researcher is atte mpting to measure. Reliability is the extent to which an experiment, test, or any measuring procedure yields the same result on repeated trials. Yin, Robert K. (2003). What is the Process for Conducting a Case Study? The process for conducting case study research follows the same general process as is followed for other research: plan, collect data, analyze data, and disseminate findings. More 3. Train Data Collectors ¥ Identify and train data collectors (if necessary). (See ÒTraining Tips for Data CollectorsÓ .) Where necessary, use interviewers that speak the local language. 4.Collect Data ¥ Gather all relevant documents. Training Tips for Data Collectors Staff, youth program participants, or professional interviewers may be involved in data collection. Regardless of what experience data collectors have, training should include: ¥ An introduction to the evaluation objectives, ¥ A review of data collection techniques, ¥ A thorough review of the data collection items and instruments, ¥ Practice in the use of the instruments, ¥ Skill-building exercises on interviewing and interpersonal communication, and ATHFINDER NTERNATIONAL RITINGA TUDY What are Potential Sources of Information? 1.The Problem: It is essential to identify what the problem was. Specifically: Identify the problem. For example, certain FBO leadership was opposed to including HIV prevention activities within their programming. Specifically, they felt that prevention activities would promote sex among youth and thereby increase the incidence of HIV. In addition, the FBO felt that the promotion of condoms as a form of prevention was morally wrong. Explain why the problem is important. Following the same example, to provide a comprehensive response to HIV/AIDS, prevention activities are an important part of HIV programming, in addition to care and support. Addressing moral and religious concerns and objections of FBO leaders in order to incorporate this component greatly expands the prevention effort and offers a greater breadth and depth in HIV programming. How was the problem identified? It is likely that program staff will have an idea of what general problems exist. For example, YFS is not integrated in the MOH, 2.Steps Undertaken to Address the Problem: What was done (activities/ interventions/ inputs), where, by whom, for whom? In the case of integrating prevention in FBOs, an illustrative outline of steps undertaken to address the problem is given below: ATHFINDER NTERNATIONAL RITINGA TUDY What was done?Where?By Whom?For Whom? activities included reviewing District/ NationalProject StaffFBO leaders FBO policies and bylaws by program staff in order to liberal FBO leaders to supply quotes from the Bible to Sensitization of facility managers: arguments on why integration activities can be included. work with groups to explain Community Project StaffCommunity that these activities have been approved by the FBO catchment areasmembers Phase 2: Integration Facility assessments Selected facilitiesProject Staff, FBOs, FBO representativesProject Staff Training of service providers Selected facilitiesLocal Implementing Facility Staff Partners (IPs) FacilitiesProject Staff, Facility Staff Facility Managers FacilitiesContractorFacility Selected facilitiesFacility StaffBeneficiaries Training FacilitiesIPsPeers Provide Tools ProjectPeers Peer supervisorsPeers Sample of Project Staff, Facility, selected facilitiesFacility Management, Project Staff Youth FacilitiesTrained mystery clients Facilities, PeersProject Staff, Facility staff, Peer SupervisorsProject Staff 3.Results: What were the results of your intervention, particularly the significant or unique results? For example: your activities resulted in the FBO including HIV prevention activities in their programming, which contributed to an increase in condom distribution. Or, your activities resulted in youth-serving service providers adopting a youth-friendly attitude which contributed to improved services and an increase in youth visits. Church leadership may have made a commitment and modified policies to include ASRH activities, leadership talking about the issues publicly. Facility managers may make Appendix 1: Sample Informed Consent Form 12P ATHFINDER NTERNATIONAL Key Components: ¥ Thank you ¥ Your name ¥ Purpose ¥ Duration ¥ How interview ¥ Opportunity for ¥ Signature of Pathfinder International