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The Ultimate Counterweight? .............3 ..............................................................................8 ....13 ...........................................................................................15 The Ultimate Counterweight The European Union has just recently admitted ten new nations, mostly from the Eastern war against the forces of disconnectedness, the U.S. ends up dividing the West and the Trans- economic sanctions on Syria (5/10/04) for failing to cooperate on the war on terrorism, the European Union sent a trade delegation to Syria as an obvious affront to the U.S. (5/13/04). The Pew Research Center released a �global attitudes poll� (March 16, 2004) which measured the European Union�s rift with the U.S. war in Iraq and it revealed an �intensified discontent� with America and its policies. It also showed a growing percentage of Europeans want foreign policy and security arrangement independent from the U.S. � and there was a considerable support for the European Union to become as powerful as the U.S. (emphasis �In your opinion would it be a good thing or a bad thing if the European Union becomes as powerful as the U.S.?� Good France909+81 Germany7022+48 Russia6712+55 Great Britain5039+11 U.S.A.6921+48 France1678-62 Germany2470-46 Russia1453-39 U.S.A.4246 France882 Germany884 Russia947 ��did (survey country) make the right decision or wrong decision to not use military Right France8811 Germany8611 Russia8310 France3561 Germany2965 Russia3548 France21753:1 Germany36632:1 Russia24562:1 The Cultural Divide: A Matter of Perception �Which is more important for government today: to guarantee no one is ever in need or to provide freedom for individuals to pursue their goals (N.O.R.C., Chicago): For U.S.2560 France5535 Germany6040 Great Britain6025 Italy6520 U.S./�American�80 U.K./�Briton�50-30 Fr./�French�38-42 Ger./�German�20-60 �How important would you say religion is in your own life.� (N.O.R.C.) U.S.61 France10 Germany20 Italy25 Great Britain30 distinctive value system and unusual politics.� The Economist (Nov:03) cited the following 1.) U.S. is among the most religious countries in the world. 2.) Has the highest propensity for its citizens to join voluntary organizations. 3.) Has one of the most highly decentralized political systems with more elective offices than any other nation. 4.) Never had any of the pre-conditions for either feudalism or aristocracy. 5.) what we are fighting for in this current war,� Nat. Review). 8.) 4/13). One can see the angst in some European leaders when they say that �America is both a The new American position (via �The Bush Doctrine�) is more interventionist, justified by self-defense and human rights. In the recent work by Daalder and Lindsay (America (1) The U.S. today champions a new pro-active doctrine of (a) preemption and (b) (4) The Europeans see a �world of law� whereby the international order can constrain the U.S. autonomy and power; however, the Bush Administration sees a different service, and his immediate ancestors were Jewish immigrants from Eastern Europe who changed their family name to �Kerry� and religion to Catholicism after arriving in the U.S. (see the new French and German respondents say they have less confidence that the U.S. wants to promote democracy all around the world. Only 1 in 5 Americans believes this (i.e., 80% of Americans support the notion of American�s exceptional status in world history; see �Kerry�s French Lessons,� The Hill, 3/24/04). Kerry�s embracing of Europe�s criticisms, while attempting to turn Kerry refused to name the European leaders he had allegedly talked to when he shared their criticisms, his campaign has lost momentum despite his primary election successes. What is becoming increasingly clear to the American public is, in Ken Timmerman�s See Clif Fox, �A Constitution for Europe?� :�� for DeGaulle, an important function of the European Community The Trans-Atlantic Problem Today Including Kerry�s espousal of European criticisms, one might pose the question about our with U.S. policy toward Iraq by leading an international opposition against it. Additionally, Americans resent France in particular for their lack of solidarity and the French resent the U.S. both sides to cope with differences.� Some of the underlying dynamics that will have to be kept in mind for the future found in After the 9/11 tragedy and compassion faded, Europe quickly reestablished its distance from an America entirely absorbed in the war against terrorism. (2) (3) The U.S. will (perhaps reluctantly) be required to be more attentive to the There has been a simple recurrence of an age-old left wing anti- imperialism (particularly in France) �refurbished with the fantasies and resentments provoked by the new American-driven globalization seen as a steamroller and by the assertion of and speed of American military power in the world.� (see America As Empire: Global Leader or Rogue Power?, (2) The European Union has exclusive jurisdiction to defend the economic and trade interests of its member states and makes �good use of it against elites of the 18 democratic capitalist power juxtaposed to classic collectivist/Socialist countermodels which were nationalistic, anti-capitalist and anticolonialist. This is called historical anti-Americanism and it differs from the more (8) Another cause for the rift is the intellectual consequences from the Enlightenment the British Enlightenment which promoted classical liberalism and the French Enlightenment which promoted a more secular collectivist doctrine of progress. The Enlightenment leaders believed in reason and science as the privileged means of making sense of the world and subordinated religion and spiritual aspects. What has lasted through the last three reason, nature, and man were synthesized into a �world view� � a celebration of reason, the power by which man hand, the French Enlightenment emphasized the rationalism of elites contemporary (post modern) version of the Enlightenment, especially the French (Continental) Enlightenment which thinks they will create a global and universal civilization both abroad and at home in the name of progress.� One can see why the United Nations is preferred over a unilateral U.S. if your intellectual traditions trace from the French Enlightenment. (Kurth also criticizes Bush�s neoconservatives as too secular in their attacks emanating from post-modernists and for advancing a kind of America Empire on the world.) (9) Speaking of the British Enlightenment, Great Britain has not been prominently mentioned in this discussion about the �Atlantic divide.� They have backed the U.S. position in Iraq even under great duress; their cultural numbers in the polls do not reflect an exact parallel to their continental brothers, and they relish keeping the Anglo-American alliance solid and steady. One historian mused that the British understand the that the international system is most stable as in a Pax Americana when from emerging. How that theory plays out with the European Union as the counterweight to U.S. diplomacy remains to be seen. America believes that it will, for the foreseeable future, shape the rules of world order, not Europe. Europe fears American dominance and insists on strategic restraint that helps explain why one poll in France showed that over 40% of the French wanted the U.S. to lose the war in Iraq. �Europe is not in polite disagreement with the U.S. any longer and the Atlantic security bond is at a crossroads. It portends a broader clash among geopolitical world views in the 21 �The recent addition of ten nations to membership in the European Union is a good time an affinity with the new former Warsaw Pact European Union members� than with our old European friends.� In a final thought, Windham then references Tom Friedman who has suggested that we may very well be witnessing the beginning of the end of �The West� as we have known it. Another, more common, expression might be �with friends like this, who needs enemies.� Daalder & Lindsay. America Unbound. Brookings, 2003. �Europe�s Big Gamble.� National Geographic. May, 2004. Kennedy, Paul. The Rise & Fall of the Great Powers. Vintage, 1987. A Reminder to France died fighting for France but are buried and honored here in the U.S. Meuse-Argonne15,200 Normandy10,944 St. Mihiel4,437 Aisne-Marne3,349 Suresnes998 Somme2,177 Epinal5,679 Brittany4,908 Rhone Dragungnan1,155 Oise-Aisne6,253 Lorraine10,933 The Contradistinction Bradley Lecture
(Washington)Publication Date: March 1, 2004 I want to speak this evening about what may seem a rather dramatic subject--the end of Europe, by which I don't mean its disappearance from the map, but a fundamental In order to illustrate my argument, I want to take you back very far in time. In fact, I , in Chapter 52, Part 2, he describes what might have happened if the Muslim that had least a kind of disruptive influence on American power? The world is not really unipolar I want to add a little footnote to this story. If you look closely at man-hour statistics- comparing the productivity of, say, a Frenchman in a single hour with that of his There is only one way out for this continent, and that is immigration. There is an obvious